Perfect Participle — Cause and Reason (C1)

the last train, she had no choice but to take a taxi home. (verb)

the marathon, he could barely stand. (verb)

three best-selling novels, she was confident the publisher would listen. (verb)

his job in March, my brother spent the summer retraining. (verb)

the film already, the critics knew exactly what to expect. (verb)

to several witnesses, the detective was sure of the timeline. (verb)

abroad for two years, the students adapted quickly to the new campus. (verb)

little preparation, the candidate stumbled through the interview. (verb)

every precaution, the expedition felt ready for the climb. (verb)

no reply after a week, the company sent a follow-up email. (verb)

the renovation already, they had no realistic option of stopping. (verb)

her word, she felt obliged to attend despite the storm. (verb)

all night to reach the coast, the family slept until noon. (verb)

his leg the week before, the footballer watched the final from the bench. (verb)

years building the business, the founder refused to sell it cheaply. (verb)