Your taskFill in the gap in each sentence with the correct word or phrase.inininininininininininininfromof0 / 15 answeredYour score0 / 150%Keep practising! Focus on the explanations below.1The county has experienced a measurable decline regular library attendance among teenage users since the closure of the branch on Park Road. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Decline in (sth)" is fixed for any measurable quantity. Complete the change-magnitude family — rise / fall / drop / decline / surge — all of which take "in". "Of" is the most common L1-transfer error.2Analysts are now reporting a fragile recovery consumer confidence following the unusually difficult final quarter of the previous year. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Recovery in (a measurable indicator)" follows the trend pattern. Distinct from "recovery from (an illness / a setback)" — covered in Q14. Here the complement is "consumer confidence", a quantitative indicator, so "in" is required.3There has been a striking improvement air quality across the city centre in the eighteen months since the introduction of the new low-emission zone. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Improvement in (sth)" is fixed when the complement is a measurable quality, metric or capability. The dominant L1-transfer error is "of" (Romance languages). Improvement, like all change nouns, takes "in".4The most recent ward round noted a marked deterioration the patient's respiratory function overnight. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Deterioration in (a condition / a relationship)" follows the same IN-pattern. The negative-trend family — deterioration, decline, downturn, worsening — all take "in".5The team identified a small but statistically significant variation the readings collected at the three monitoring sites along the coast. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Variation in (sth)" is fixed when the complement is the measurement that varies. "Of" exists in some contexts ("a variation OF an earlier theme") but for statistical variation, "in" is the precise scientific term.6Smaller dealers have struggled to absorb the sharp short-term fluctuations wholesale energy prices over the past twelve months. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Fluctuation in (sth)" is fixed in economic and scientific registers. The whole movement-and-variation family — fluctuation, variation, oscillation, swing — uses "in".7Recent polling suggests a notable change public attitudes towards remote-working arrangements compared with the position five years ago. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Change in (sth)" is used when the complement is something being modified internally (attitude, policy, behaviour, temperature). This is distinct from "change of (sth)" — covered in Q15 — which is used when the complement is being replaced.8Demographers have identified a clear generational shift household composition, with single-person households now outnumbering traditional family units in many urban areas. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Shift in (sth)" follows the change family. The complement is the area where the shift is observed. "Of" is the most common L1-transfer error.9The country has seen a remarkable expansion private-sector research and development since the introduction of the new innovation tax credits. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Expansion in (sth)" follows the trend pattern when the complement is a measurable area of activity. Distinct from "expansion of (sth)" — used when the complement is a discrete entity being enlarged ("expansion of the university campus"). For sector-wide growth, "in" is the precise choice.10A sustained contraction manufacturing output has eroded the regional economy's capacity to absorb the latest wave of redundancies. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Contraction in (sth)" mirrors "expansion in". The whole economic-trend family — expansion, contraction, growth, decline — uses "in" when the complement is a sector or aggregate measure.11There has been a perceptible acceleration the rate at which younger consumers are abandoning traditional television in favour of streaming platforms. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Acceleration in (a process)" follows the trend family. The change is in the rate or pace of something already in motion. "Of" appears in some technical phrases ("acceleration of a particle") but for process-rate change, "in" is precise.12A clear slowdown the housing market over the autumn months has already begun to feed through to retail spending in the wider economy. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Slowdown in (sth)" patterns with "decline in" and "contraction in". The negative-trend family uses "in" with the affected sector.13A clear swing public opinion towards the previously fringe candidate became apparent only in the final week of the campaign. (preposition)Correct answer: in▸ Why?"Swing in (sth)" — fixed in political and electoral contexts when describing a movement in preference. Distinct from "swing towards / against" — used when introducing the direction. For the area where the swing occurs, "in" is the natural choice.14The patient's recovery the major abdominal surgery has been considerably faster than the surgical team had originally predicted. (preposition)Correct answer: from▸ Why?The first key discriminator. When "recovery" introduces an illness, injury or setback being overcome, the preposition is "from", not "in". Compare with Q2 (recovery IN consumer confidence — a measurable indicator). Cue: the complement here is "surgery", a discrete past event being overcome.15After fifteen years in the same role, the head of department has finally decided that the time has come for a complete change scenery. (preposition)Correct answer: of▸ Why?The second key discriminator. "Change of (sth)" is used when the complement is being entirely replaced — change of scenery, change of clothes, change of heart, change of address, change of mind. Compare with Q7 (change IN attitudes — the same attitudes modified internally). Here we are exchanging one scenery for another, so "of" is the precise choice.Check AnswersPlease answer at least one question first.Found an error in this exercise? Let us know.