Your taskFill in the gap in each sentence with the correct word or phrase.outlowshortoutofbackdownbackbydowndointointooffthrough0 / 15 answeredYour score0 / 150%Keep practising! Focus on the explanations below.1By Wednesday lunchtime the conference organisers had run of coffee, and a fresh urn had to be brought up from the kitchen on the floor below. (one word)Correct answer: out▸ Why?"Run OUT of X" = "exhaust the supply of X completely". The adverb OUT carries the "supply finished" sense, distinct from "run LOW on" (still some left) and "run SHORT of" (close to running out). The cue "fresh urn had to be brought" confirms the supply was at zero.2On the seventh day of the crossing, with the ship still some distance from port, the captain noted in the log that they were running on fresh water. (one word)Correct answer: low▸ Why?"Run LOW on X" = "have only a small remaining supply of X (but not yet exhausted)". Distinct from "run OUT of X" (already finished) — the captain's note implies a developing concern, not an actual zero. "Short" is also possible ("running short on") but the standard collocation in maritime/supply contexts is "running low on".3The defending champion began to run of ideas in the second set and made several unforced errors in quick succession on her own serve. (one word)Correct answer: short▸ Why?"Run SHORT of X" = "be approaching the point of having no X left" — common with abstract resources like ideas, time, patience. Distinct from "run OUT of" (already at zero) and "run LOW on" (more physical/supply contexts). The cue "began to" + "unforced errors" frames a progressive deterioration, not a sudden zero.4Time is fast running for the government to publish the long-promised review before the start of the new parliamentary term in October. (one word)Correct answer: out▸ Why?"Run OUT" can be used intransitively (without "of X") when time, patience or money are the implicit subject — "time is running OUT" being the textbook example. The adverb OUT carries the depleting-to-zero sense alone. "Short" would need "of time" after it; "low" needs "on time".5Within twenty minutes of the goalkeeper limping off, the home side had visibly run out ideas and were content to play out the remaining time with three defenders parked on the edge of the box. (one word)Correct answer: of▸ Why?The PREPOSITION slot in "run out OF X" is fixed — "OF" introduces the depleted resource. The phrasal-prepositional verb is V (run) + Adv (out) + Prep (of), and the preposition cannot be omitted or replaced. Same fixed Prep appears in "tired of", "ashamed of" — but "of" here is specifically demanded by "run out".6When the more ambitious overseas expansion plan was shelved by the new chief executive, the company quietly fell on the regional growth strategy it had drawn up three years earlier. (one word)Correct answer: back▸ Why?"Fall BACK on X" = "resort to X as a backup / safety net (after a primary plan has failed)". The adverb BACK carries the "retreat to a previously prepared position" sense. Distinct from "back DOWN" (concede a stance) and from "fall OVER" (literally trip). The cue "more ambitious plan was shelved" + "drawn up three years earlier" makes the fallback frame unambiguous.7Acting on a strong recommendation from her GP after a routine blood test, Beatrice has been trying to cut on salt, refined sugar and red meat over the last six months. (one word)Correct answer: down▸ Why?"Cut DOWN on X" = "gradually reduce one's consumption of X" — the standard verb for moderating intake of food, drink, tobacco etc. for health reasons. Closely related is "cut BACK on", which is more often used for spending or scale of operations. Either works grammatically here, but "cut down on" is the standard collocation for personal consumption.8Faced with three consecutive quarters of falling revenue, the publisher has had to cut on freelance commissions and to defer several long-planned print investments. (one word)Correct answer: back▸ Why?"Cut BACK on X" = "reduce X (especially spending, staff or scale of operations) as a cost-saving measure" — the standard verb of corporate or budgetary contraction. Distinct from "cut DOWN on" (personal consumption); "cut OFF" (sever, terminate); "cut INTO" (encroach on). The cue "falling revenue" + "defer investments" makes the budget-contraction sense unambiguous.9While she was a postgraduate student in Edinburgh, Helena had to get on around six hundred pounds a month and shared a small flat with two friends from her course. (one word)Correct answer: by▸ Why?"Get BY on X" = "manage / survive on X (a small amount of something, usually money or food)". The adverb BY carries the "scraping along" minimal-survival sense, distinct from "live OFF X" (subsist FROM a fixed source like savings or one's parents) and from "fall BACK on" (resort to as a fallback). The amount (£600/month) and the student context make the bare-survival frame unambiguous.10By the start of the third day in the mountain hut, the group was to its last two packets of dried noodles and the boil-in-the-bag emergency ration. (one word — three letters)Correct answer: down▸ Why?"Be DOWN to X" = "have only X left (after most has been used up)" — a fixed-expression phrasal-prepositional verb that takes "be" as the lexical verb. The adverb DOWN signals the depletion has already happened; the preposition TO introduces the small remainder. Distinct from "be OUT of" (none left at all) and from "be LOW on" (lower than before, but not at the last items).11The kitchen was still missing two of its planned ovens, so the head chef had to make with a single domestic-sized appliance for the soft-launch evening. (one word — two letters)Correct answer: do▸ Why?"Make DO with X" = "manage with X (something less than ideal)" — a fixed idiomatic phrasal-prepositional verb where "make do" is the V+Adv pair. Cannot be replaced by "make IT with", "make UP with" (reconcile), or "make OUT with" (different sense). The cue "still missing" + "single domestic appliance" frames the make-do-with-what-you-have sense unambiguously.12The unexpected boiler repair in February forced the couple to dip the savings they had been quietly accumulating for the deposit on their first house. (one word — four letters)Correct answer: into▸ Why?"Dip INTO X (savings, reserves, fund)" = "begin to use X, drawing relatively small amounts from it". Distinct from "eat INTO X" — which describes a more gradual, ongoing erosion — and from "go through X" (consume entirely). The cue "unexpected" + "quietly accumulating" frames a single, decisive draw on the reserve.13The persistent rise in energy costs over the last eighteen months has steadily eaten the margins of nearly every independent restaurant in the city centre. (one word — four letters)Correct answer: into▸ Why?"Eat INTO X (margins, savings, reserves, time)" = "gradually erode / consume X from a previously healthy level". The cue "persistent" + "eighteen months" + "steadily" highlights the ongoing-erosion sense, distinct from "dip INTO X" (a single, deliberate draw) and from "burn THROUGH X" (rapid wasteful consumption).14For the first six months after he left the bank, Edward lived his redundancy payout while he worked out what he actually wanted to do next with his career. (one word — three letters)Correct answer: off▸ Why?"Live OFF X" (BrE) / "live OFF OF X" (informal AmE) = "subsist from X (a fixed source — savings, an inheritance, one's parents)". The cue "redundancy payout" + "six months" frames the fixed-source subsistence. Distinct from "get BY on X" (manage with a small recurring income) — "live off" implies drawing down a stock; "get by on" implies stretching a flow.15The two failed product launches in the autumn had burned almost half of the funding round raised earlier in the year, with very little to show for it. (one word — seven letters)Correct answer: through▸ Why?"Burn THROUGH X (money, cash, funding)" = "consume X rapidly and wastefully" — a strongly evaluative verb implying poor stewardship of resources. The cue "failed launches" + "very little to show for it" frames the wasteful-rapid sense. Distinct from "eat INTO" (gradual, often unavoidable erosion) and from "dip INTO" (a single, deliberate draw).Check AnswersPlease answer at least one question first.Found an error in this exercise? Let us know.