Your taskFill in the gap in each sentence with the correct word or phrase.subsequentlysummationsummarisedecliningchallengingacademicadjustmentcompoundedconflictingconsultantenergeticequivalenceevolutionaryfundamentallygeneration0 / 15 answeredYour score0 / 150%Keep practising! Focus on the explanations below.1The initial proposal was rejected by the board; , a revised version incorporating all requested changes was approved.Correct answer: subsequently▸ Why?"Subsequently" = "subsequent" + -ly, a discourse adverb meaning at a later time; "consequently" implies a causal result — "subsequently" is correct here because the approval is later in time, not a direct consequence of the rejection.2The defence counsel's closing presented the key points of the case in a clear and methodical order.Correct answer: summation▸ Why?"Summation" = "sum" + -ation, a formal noun meaning the process of summarising; "summary" is more common in general writing but "summation" is the standard legal and formal term for a closing statement.3The report attempted to more than two hundred separate studies into a single accessible document.Correct answer: summarise▸ Why?"Summarise" means to give a brief account of the main points; "summarisation" is the noun — the infinitive "to" requires a base verb form.4A birth rate combined with rising life expectancy places considerable strain on social security systems.Correct answer: declining▸ Why?"Declining" is the present participle of "decline" used as an adjective, meaning going down; "declined" is the past tense and cannot modify a noun in an attributive position.5The most aspect of the fieldwork was maintaining objectivity while embedded within the community being studied.Correct answer: challenging▸ Why?"Challenging" is the participle adjective meaning demanding or difficult; "challenged" would imply being disputed or confronted — "challenging aspect" is the standard collocation for a demanding difficulty.6The journal published only peer-reviewed research, refusing to accept articles without robust methodological foundations.Correct answer: academic▸ Why?"Academic" = "academy" + -ic, meaning relating to education, scholarship, or research; "academically" is the adverb and cannot modify the noun "research."7An to the prescribed dosage was required after the first clinical trials showed unexpected side effects.Correct answer: adjustment▸ Why?"Adjustment" = "adjust" + -ment, the noun meaning a small change made to achieve accuracy; "adjusting" is a gerund — "an adjustment to" is the standard formal noun phrase.8The financial difficulties were by a simultaneous rise in raw material costs and a fall in consumer demand.Correct answer: compounded▸ Why?"Compounded" = the past participle of "compound" in a passive construction, meaning made worse by additional factors; "complicated" is a near synonym but less specific to the idea of accumulated worsening.9The two studies produced conclusions, prompting further research to determine which methodology was more reliable.Correct answer: conflicting▸ Why?"Conflicting" is the participle adjective meaning contradictory or incompatible; "conflicted" is typically used for a person in a state of internal doubt — "conflicting conclusions" is the standard academic collocation.10The organisation hired an external to evaluate its management practices and propose structural improvements.Correct answer: consultant▸ Why?"Consultant" = "consult" + -ant, the agent noun meaning a person who provides expert advice; "consultation" is the noun for the meeting itself, not the person.11An approach to community engagement helped the campaign reach groups that had historically felt excluded.Correct answer: energetic▸ Why?"Energetic" = "energy" + -tic, meaning showing enthusiasm and activity; "energetically" is the adverb and cannot modify the noun "approach."12The committee could not establish between the two qualification systems, leaving many applicants in an ambiguous position.Correct answer: equivalence▸ Why?"Equivalence" = "equivalent" + -nce, the abstract noun meaning the state of being equal or interchangeable; "equivalency" is a near synonym used more in North American English — "equivalence" is the preferred IELTS form.13The changes introduced to the constitution were described as rather than revolutionary, preserving the existing framework.Correct answer: evolutionary▸ Why?"Evolutionary" = "evolution" + -ary, meaning relating to gradual development; "evolutionarily" is the adverb — the adjective form is needed here to contrast with "revolutionary."14The two theories differ in their assumptions about human motivation and rational decision-making.Correct answer: fundamentally▸ Why?"Fundamentally" = "fundamental" + -ly, the adverb meaning in a basic or essential way; "fundamental" is the adjective and cannot modify the verb "differ."15Each of the technology has been more energy-efficient than its predecessor, reflecting steady incremental improvement.Correct answer: generation▸ Why?"Generation" in technology means a stage of development or a class of systems; the context specifies the technological sense — the definite article "each" requires the singular noun.Check AnswersPlease answer at least one question first.Found an error in this exercise? 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