TOEIC Legal Vocabulary

Act in accordance with a rule, request, or official requirement

All vendors must comply with local data protection regulations before onboarding.

Legal responsibility for damage, loss, or harm caused to another party

The company accepts no liability for damages arising from misuse of the product.

Give official permission for something to happen or for someone to do something

Only the CFO is authorized to sign contracts above a value of fifty thousand dollars.

A particular section of a legal document that deals with a specific point

Please review the confidentiality clause in Section 4 before signing the agreement.

A formal written agreement between two or more parties that is legally binding

The employment contract must be signed by both parties before work commences.

An arrangement or understanding between two or more people about what each will do

The two companies have reached an agreement on the terms of the partnership.

An official rule made by a government or other authority that controls activities

New data protection regulations will take effect from the beginning of next year.

A system of rules created by a government and enforced through public institutions

Employment law requires specific procedures for dismissing workers from the company.

Relating to the official rules of a country or what is allowed by them

The proposed transaction must be reviewed by the legal department before approval.

A law or set of laws passed by a government to control a particular activity

Recent legislation requires all companies to publish environmental impact reports annually.

A written law passed by a national or regional government

The statute of limitations for this type of claim is seven years.

An official plan of action adopted by a company or government to guide decisions

The company policy on expense claims has been updated for the new fiscal year.

A specific condition or requirement included in a legal document or agreement

This particular provision of the contract covers termination by either party.

Something that you are required to do because of an agreement, rule, or duty

The contract sets out the obligations of both parties in considerable detail.

An action that breaks a law, rule, or formal agreement between parties

Any breach of the confidentiality agreement may result in immediate termination.

An action that breaks a rule, law, or agreement made between two or more parties

The audit identified several minor violations of the company's internal procedures.

The act of breaking the terms of a law, contract, or another person's rights

Copyright infringement can result in significant financial penalties for the offending party.

Make sure that a law or rule is obeyed by people in a particular area

The regulatory body will strictly enforce the new safety standards from January.

A serious disagreement between two parties, often over rights, money, or terms

Any dispute arising from this agreement will be resolved through binding arbitration.

The process of resolving a disagreement through a neutral third party rather than in court

The parties agreed to resolve their differences through arbitration rather than litigation.

A process where an independent person helps two sides reach an agreement

Mediation is often quicker and less expensive than formal court proceedings.

The process of taking a case to a court of law for a decision

The company is currently involved in litigation concerning a patent infringement claim.

A legal claim brought against a person or company in a court of law

The lawsuit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum last month.

End a disagreement, claim, or argument through an agreed solution

The parties decided to settle the dispute without going to formal court proceedings.

A person whose job is to advise clients on legal matters and represent them in court

The company retained a specialist lawyer to handle the intellectual property matter.

A qualified person who is legally authorized to represent another in legal matters

Consult with an attorney before signing any long-term commercial commitment.

Professional advice given by a lawyer or expert on a legal matter

The board sought legal counsel before approving the proposed merger.

Intended to be kept secret or private, especially in business or official contexts

All client information is strictly confidential and must not be shared externally.

The act of giving information that was previously secret or unknown

Full disclosure of any conflicts of interest is required before contract signature.

Money paid to someone as compensation for harm, injury, or loss caused by another

The court awarded damages of eight hundred thousand dollars to the claimant.

Promise to pay for any loss or damage that another party may suffer

The supplier agreed to indemnify the company against any claims from third parties.

The official authority to make legal decisions in a particular area or country

Any legal action will fall under the jurisdiction of the courts of Singapore.

An official body that has the authority to settle a particular type of dispute

The employment tribunal ruled in favour of the dismissed worker last week.

The official decision made by a jury or judge at the end of a trial

The jury reached a unanimous verdict after three days of careful deliberation.

The person or company who brings a legal case against another in court

The plaintiff is seeking damages of two million dollars from the defendant.

The person or company against whom a legal case is brought in court

The defendant denied all charges and will contest the case in court.

A formal written or spoken statement given as evidence in a court of law

Key testimony from the witness significantly strengthened the prosecution's case.

Information or material used to prove that something is true in a legal case

The investigation uncovered substantial evidence supporting the original complaint.

An official right that prevents others from making or selling an invention without permission

The company holds several patents on its proprietary manufacturing technology.

A name, symbol, or design that a company has legally registered as belonging to it

The brand name is a registered trademark and cannot be used without permission.

The exclusive legal right to print, publish, or sell a creative work for a period

All training materials are protected by copyright and may not be reproduced.

Original creative work such as inventions, designs, or writing that is protected by law

Protecting our intellectual property is a top priority for the legal team.

An official document that gives someone permission to do, use, or own something

A software license is required for each user accessing the premium features.

An official document allowing someone to do something for a limited period

A special permit is required before construction work can begin on the site.

Make a document legally valid by having a qualified officer witness the signing

All signatures on the property transfer document must be notarized by a public notary.

A person who sees an event happen or who gives evidence in a court of law

Two independent witnesses observed the signing of the contract yesterday.

Write your name on a document to show that you agree with or accept it

Both parties must sign the agreement before it becomes legally binding.

A change made to a legal document, law, or formal agreement

The proposed amendment to the contract requires approval from both parties.

Formally approve a treaty, contract, or agreement so that it becomes valid

The board will ratify the new partnership agreement at next month's meeting.

No longer having legal force or effect, so unable to be relied on

The contract was declared void due to a fundamental breach of its terms.