60 academic word families from the Coxhead Academic Word List. Includes: abstract, accurate, acknowledge, aggregate, allocate, assign, attach, author, bond, brief, capable, cite, cooperate, discriminate.
IELTS Academic Word List
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Sublist 6 — Precision & Citation. Includes: abstract, accurate, acknowledge, aggregate, allocate, assign, attach, author, bond, brief, capable, cite, cooperate, discriminate.
Accept or admit that something exists or is true.
The report acknowledges the limitations of the current data set.
Correct in every detail and free from error.
The model provides an accurate representation of population distribution.
A short summary placed at the beginning of an academic article.
The abstract should provide a concise summary of the study's aims, methodology, findings, and conclusions.
Combine separate items into a single total or whole.
The dashboard was designed to aggregate data from multiple sources into a single visualisation.
Distribute resources or duties for a particular purpose.
The funding body agreed to allocate resources based on demonstrated need rather than historical precedent.
Give a particular job, role, or task to someone.
Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control condition.
Fasten, join, or associate something with another thing.
The degree of moral responsibility we attach to an action depends in part on the agent's intention.
A person who writes a book, article, or other text.
The author acknowledges that the study's cross-sectional design limits causal inference.
A close emotional tie; a financial instrument representing a loan.
The government issued infrastructure bonds to finance the construction of new transport links.
Short in duration or length.
The following section provides a brief overview of the theoretical framework underpinning the study.
Having the ability or qualities required to do something.
Only institutions capable of demonstrating financial sustainability were eligible for accreditation.
Quote or refer to a source as evidence or support.
The authors cite a lack of longitudinal data as the primary limitation of their analysis.
Work jointly with others towards a common goal.
International agencies must cooperate effectively to address the cross-border dimensions of climate change.
Distinguish carefully between things; or treat groups unequally.
The assessment tool was validated for its ability to discriminate between high- and low-performing students.
Show clearly so that others can see or notice.
Participants who displayed higher levels of anxiety showed reduced performance on working memory tasks.
Including many different types of people or things.
The sample was deliberately diverse to ensure the findings could be generalised across different demographic groups.
A specified sphere of activity, knowledge, or influence.
Expertise in one cognitive domain does not necessarily transfer to performance in unrelated areas.
Prepare written, audio, or visual material for publication by correcting it.
The final chapter was substantially revised during the edit process at the publisher's request.
Increase or improve quality, value, or extent.
Collaborative learning environments enhance critical thinking skills more effectively than passive instruction.
A large area of land owned by a person, family, or organisation.
Land reform policies redistributed large agricultural estates to landless rural workers.
Be greater in amount or degree than a stated limit.
Carbon emissions from the transport sector continue to exceed national reduction targets by a considerable margin.
A person with comprehensive and authoritative knowledge in a particular field.
An independent panel of experts was convened to evaluate the validity of the proposed methodology.
Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion.
The research design must include an explicit statement of the assumptions underlying the chosen analytical framework.
Relating to a system of government with power divided between national and regional authorities.
Under the federal system, responsibility for education policy is divided between national and state governments.
A payment made for a service, advice, or admission.
The introduction of tuition fees has been associated with increased financial burden for students from lower-income backgrounds.
Able to change easily to suit new conditions or demands.
A flexible labour market allows firms to adjust staffing levels rapidly in response to economic conditions.
In addition; introducing a further supporting point.
Furthermore, the study found that the effect was more pronounced in urban settings than in rural communities.
The state of being male, female, or non-binary, especially as a social or cultural category.
Gender disparities in academic achievement have narrowed significantly over recent decades in most OECD nations.
Lacking knowledge or awareness of a particular subject.
Policymakers who remain ignorant of cultural factors are likely to design ineffective public health interventions.
Something that motivates a person to act in a particular way.
Financial incentives were offered to encourage early adoption of energy-efficient technologies.
The frequency with which a particular event occurs in a population.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes has risen sharply in populations with high rates of sedentary behaviour.
Include something as part of a whole.
The revised framework sought to incorporate feedback from practitioners working in the field.
A list or number that measures or refers to something.
Wages were indexed to inflation to prevent erosion of real purchasing power over time.
Hinder, restrain, or prevent something from happening or developing.
High levels of cortisol are known to inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis and impair long-term memory consolidation.
Begin or start a process, plan, or action.
The minister agreed to initiate a formal inquiry into the causes of the funding shortfall.
What is contributed, supplied, or added to a system or process.
Agricultural productivity depends on the efficient use of inputs such as water, fertiliser, and labour.
Direct or order someone to do something; teach a particular subject.
The court was asked to instruct the jury to disregard evidence obtained without a valid warrant.
Having or showing a high mental capacity for learning, reasoning, or understanding.
An intelligent deployment of machine learning can significantly reduce the cost of large-scale data labelling.
A period of time between two events or a space between two points.
Blood samples were taken at regular intervals to track changes in biomarker concentration over time.
A talk given by a teacher or expert to an audience, usually to teach.
The recorded lecture format enables students to revisit complex material at their own pace.
Move from one place to another, especially for work or seasonal reasons.
Rural communities continue to migrate to urban centres in search of higher wages and better services.
The least or smallest amount, level, or degree of something.
The statutory minimum wage is reviewed annually to reflect changes in the cost of living.
A government department responsible for a particular area of public policy.
The ministry of education issued new guidelines on curriculum design for secondary schools.
A reason for doing something, especially one that is hidden.
Understanding the motive behind a decision is essential for evaluating its ethical dimensions.
Not supporting or favouring either side in a dispute or competition.
Scientific reporting should be neutral in tone, avoiding language that implies advocacy for a particular position.
In spite of what has just been said; however; still.
The sample size was smaller than ideal; nevertheless, the results are consistent with previous findings.
In or to a foreign country, especially one across the sea.
A growing proportion of graduates are seeking employment overseas in response to limited domestic opportunities.
Come before something in time, order, or position.
A thorough literature review should precede the formulation of research questions and hypotheses.
Suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability.
The framework presumes that individuals act rationally when making decisions under conditions of uncertainty.
Based on reason rather than emotion; logical and sensible.
A rational choice model assumes that actors maximise utility based on available information.
Return to a normal state or condition after illness or difficulty.
Economies that invest in social protection are typically better positioned to recover from financial crises.
Make information or facts known, especially what had been hidden.
Longitudinal analysis reveals a statistically significant association between early nutrition and later cognitive outcomes.
The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with.
The scope of the investigation was deliberately limited to primary school settings in urban areas.
A sum of money granted by the state to support a particular activity or industry.
A state subsidy was introduced to help households cope with rising energy costs.
A long, narrow strip of material; or to record sound onto magnetic medium.
All participant interviews were audio-taped with prior consent and subsequently transcribed verbatim.
Find or describe the origin or development of something.
Historians have been able to trace the origin of the conflict to unresolved territorial disputes from the colonial period.
Change something completely, usually in a positive way.
Digital innovation has the potential to transform service delivery in both public and private sectors.
A system or means of moving people or goods from one place to another.
Investment in public transport infrastructure is widely recognised as a cost-effective strategy for reducing urban congestion.
Be the basis or cause of something.
A commitment to equity and social justice was seen to underlie the government's approach to welfare reform.
Make practical and effective use of something, especially a resource.
The study sought to utilise mixed methods to capture both quantitative trends and qualitative nuances.
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